## Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 1.
A. private
B. protect
C. reform
D. regard

Question 2.
A. accurate
B. important
C. endanger
D. erosion

## Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 3. What exactly are white collar workers? They are people who work in offices and administrative positions.
A. manual
B. intellectual
C. official
D. desk-job

Question 4. The company should allow flexible working hours so that its employees can avoid traffic congestion.
A. dangerous
B. careful
C. changeable
D. fixed

## Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Question 5.
A. conserved
B. borrowed
C. invited
D. complained

Question 6.
A. academic
B. behave
C. grade
D. examination

## Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 7. You couldn’t give me a helping hand, _____?
A. Do you
B. could you
C. don’t you
D. couldn’t you

Question 8. I have left my book in _____ kitchen and I would like you to get it for me.
A. the
B. a
C. ∅
D. an

Question 9. We should make full use _____ the Internet as it is an endless source of information.
A. from
B. in
C. of
D. with

Question 10. _____ the Sun is, _____ the shadow is.
A. The higher / the low
B. The more high/ the more low
C. The higher / the lower
D. The more higher / the more lower

Question 11. By the time you come home, I _____ the decorating.
A. have finished
B. will have finished
C. are finishing
D. finished

Question 12. When we came in, they _____ the meal for us.
A. preparing
B. prepare
C. prepared
D. were preparing

Question 13. She had her report on biodiversity _____ in a scientific journal.
A. published
B. to publish
C. publish
D. being published

Question 14. One of the popular _____ used in smartphones at present is voice recognition.
A. applicant
B. applicable
C. applications
D. apply

Question 15. _____, he will tell us about the match.
A. When he arrives
B. While he had arrived
C. Until he was arriving
D. After he arrived

Question 16. The existence of such a centre is expected to help ASEAN members facilitate assistance to any country _____ by a disaster.
A. to hit
B. hit
C. hitting
D. hits

Question 17. Employers always want job _____ to be able to demonstrate their skills and qualities.
A. employees
B. workers
C. staff
D. applicants

Question 18. Many young people travel all over the world and do all kinds of jobs before they _____.
A. lie down
B. settle down
C. touch down
D. put down

Question 19. Although he knew very little about linguistics, he pretended _____ an expert in the field.
A. to be
B. be
C. being
D. been

Question 20. Winning the cup in 1998 was just a _____ in the pan – they haven’t won the match since then.
A. blaze
B. flash
C. flame
D. light

Question 21. Before we apply for any jobs, we need to prepare a good CV and _____ very carefully.
A. resume
B. job interview
C. cover letter
D. reference

## Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Scientists have identified two ways in which species disappear. The first is through ordinary or “background” extinctions, where species that fail to adapt are slowly replaced by more adaptable life forms. The second is when large numbers of species go to the wall in relatively short periods of biological time. There have been five such extinctions, each provoked by cataclysmic evolutionary events caused by asteroid impacts, volcanic eruptions, climate shift, or space junk slamming into the Earth. Scientists now believe that another mass extinction of species is currently under way – and this time human fingerprints are on the trigger.

How are we are doing it? Simply by demanding more and more space for ourselves. In our assault on the ecosystems around us we have used a number of tools, from spear and gun to bulldozer and chainsaw. Certain especially rich ecosystems have proved the most vulnerable. In Hawaii more than half of the native birds are now gone and more than 30 species. Such carnage has taken place all across the island communities of the Pacific and Indian oceans. While many species were hunted to extinction, others simply succumbed to the “introduced predators’ that humans brought with them: the cat, the dog, the pig, and the rat.

Today the tempo of extinction is picking up speed. Hunting is no longer the major culprit, although rare birds and animals continue to be butchered for their skin, feathers, tusks, and internal organs, or taken as savage pets. Today the main threat comes from the destruction of the habitat of wild plants, animals and insects need to survive. The draining and damming of wetland and river courses threatens the aquatic food chain and our own seafood industry. Overfishing and the destruction of fragile coral reefs destroy ocean biodiversity. Deforestation is taking a staggering toll, particularly in the tropics where the most global biodiversity is at risk. The shrinking rainforest cover of the Congo and Amazon river basins and such places as Borneo and Madagascar have a wealth of species per hectare existing nowhere else. As those precious hectares are drowned or turned into arid pasture and cropland, such species disappear forever.

Source: Final Countdown Practice Tests by D.F Piniaris, Heinle Cengage Learning, 2010

Question 22. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The tempo of extinction of species today
B. The two ways in which species disappear
C. Deforestation as a major cause of mass extinctions of species
D. Human activity and its impact on a mass extinction of species

Question 23. The word “assault” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____
A. development
B. influence
C. attack
D. effort

Question 24. All of the following are mentioned as a form of habitat destruction EXCEPT _____
A. cutting down forests
B. hunting rare birds and animals
C. destroying coral reefs
D. damming wetlands and rivers

Question 25. The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to _____
A. oceans
B. predators
C. humans
D. species

Question 26. Which is no longer considered a major cause of the mass extinction under way currently?
A. the building of dams across rivers
B. the killing of animals for their body parts
C. the destruction of habitats of species
D. the shrinking of rainforests in the tropics

Question 27. The word “butchered” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____
A. killed
B. cooked
C. traded
D. raised

Question 28. It can be inferred from the passage that _____
A. it’s impossible for scientists to identify the causes of mass extinctions of species
B. hunting is the main contributing factor that speeds up the extinction of species
C. the current mass extinction is different from the other five in that it is caused by humans
D. habitat destruction makes a minor contribution to the current mass extinction of species

## Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

Question 29. There are possibly a hundred people at the meeting.
A. There should be a hundred people at the meeting.
B. There may be a hundred people at the meeting.
C. There must be a hundred people at the meeting.
D. There ought to be a hundred people at the meeting.

Question 30. “I will never forget our first dating.” Anna said.
A. Ann said that she will never forget their first dating.
B. Ann said that she would never forget our first dating.
C. Ann said that she would never forget their first meeting.
D. Ann said that she would never forget our meeting.

Question 31. The last time she took her children to the zoo was two months ago.
A. She didn’t take her children to the zoo two months ago.
B. She has taken her children to the zoo for two months.
C. She had two months to take her children to the zoo.
D. She hasn’t taken her children to the zoo for two months.

## Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

There are many African tribes but, for many people, the Masai are the most well-known. They are famous for their bright red clothing and their ceremonies with lots of music and dancing. Probably, one of the most colorful ceremonies is the festival of “Eunoto,” when the teenage boys of the Masai become men.

Eunoto lasts for many days and Masai people travel across the region to get to a special place near the border between Kenya and Tanzania. The teenage boys who travel with them are called “warriors.” This is a traditional name from the past when young men fought with other tribes.

At the beginning of the ceremony, the teenagers paint their bodies while their mothers start to build a place called the “Osingira,” a sacred room in the middle of the celebrations. Later, the senior elders from different tribes will sit inside this place and, at different times, the boys go inside to meet them. Later in the day, the boys run around the Osingira, going faster and faster each time.

The teenagers also have to alter their appearance at Eunoto. Masai boys’ hair is very long before the ritual but they have to cut it off. In Masai culture, hair is an important symbol. For example, when a baby grows into an infant, the mother cuts the child’s hair and gives the child a name. At a Masai wedding, the hair of the bride is also cut off as she becomes a woman. And so, at Eunoto, the teenage boy’s mother cuts his hair off at sunrise.

On the final day, the teenagers meet the senior elders one more time. They get this advice: “Now you are men, use your heads and knowledge.” Then, people start to travel back to their homes and lands. The teenagers are no longer warriors. They are adult men and now they will get married and have children. Later in life, they will be the leaders of their communities.

*(Adapted from “Life” by John Hughes, Helen Stephenson and Paul Dummett)*

Question 32. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The journey by Masai teenage boys to the festival of Eunoto
B. The reasons for the Masai’s popularity over other African tribes
C. The ceremony that marks the beginning of Masai boys’ adulthood
D. The importance of Eunoto in African people’s lives

Question 33. The word “them” in paragraph 3 refers to _____
A. their mothers
B. the boys
C. different tribes
D. the senior elders

Question 34. The word “alter” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _____
A. differ
B. distinguish
C. maintain
D. change

Question 35. According to the passage, what do the teenage boys do at Eunoto?
A. Changing their clothes
B. Fighting with other tribes
C. Painting their bodies
D. Receiving new names

Question 36. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The Masai teenage boys are given advice from senior elders before attending Eunoto.
B. Eunoto is the ceremony for both Masai teenage boys and girls.
C. The Masai teenage boys will become adults and get married after attending Eunoto.
D. Eunoto lasts for a day across the region between Kenya and Tanzania.

## Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most suitable response to complete the following exchanges.

Question 37. Nam: Would you mind if sometimes I called at around 10 pm to discuss our assignment?
Lan: _____
A. No, of course not.
B. Yes, of course I would.
C. I mind a lot.
D. I like discussions.

Question 38. Alice: I have bought you a new toy car. Happy birthday to you!
Jame: _____
A. Have a nice day!
B. The same to you!
C. What a lovely toy! Thanks.
D. What a pity!

## Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

Question 39. Mrs Mai, along with his friends from Vietnam, is planning to attend the festival.
A. to attend
B. is
C. along with
D. his friends

Question 40. My mother and her friends always went out together every weekend
A. went
B. and
C. together
D. friends

Question 41. A current survey indicates that lower income tax on overtime earnings might act as a stimulant to industry.
A. indicates
B. current
C. earnings
D. stimulant

## Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

Choosing a career is one of the most important decisions you will make in life. It’s about so (42) _____ more than deciding (43) _____ you will do to make a living. To start with, think about the amount of time we spend at work. We are on the job approximately 71% of every year. Over our lifetimes, this comes to roughly 31½ years out of the 45 years most of us spend (44) _____, from the beginning of our careers until retirement. The importance of selecting a career with which we are cannot be satisfied or overemphasized. (45) _____ some people are lucky enough to just know what they want to do and end up in satisfying careers without giving it much thought, most of us are not. Many people don’t put enough (46) _____ into choosing occupations or pick them for the wrong reasons. Maybe they choose careers that seem secure or pay well. They then end up unhappy. The best way to make sure that doesn’t happen to you is to make a well-thought out decision.

*(Adapted from https://www.qualifax.ie)*

Question 42.
A. many
B. plenty
C. several
D. much

Question 43.
A. which
B. when
C. what
D. why

Question 44.
A. to work
B. work
C. worked
D. working

Question 45.
A. Whether
B. But
C. While
D. Because

Question 46.
A. money
B. effort
C. time
D. love

## Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

Question 47. John cannot see off his sister at the airport because he is seriously ill.
A. If John weren’t seriously ill , he could see off his sister at the airport.
B. John’s sister wishes he hadn’t been seriously ill so that he couldn’t see her off at the airport.
C. As long as John could see his sister off at the airport, he couldn’t be seriously ill.
D. If John hasn’t been seriously ill, he can see off her sister at the airport.

Question 48. John got a terminal illness. He couldn’t get out of the bed on his own.
A. John’s illness is too terminal for him to get out of the bed on his own.
B. No sooner had John’s illness got terminal than he could not get out of the bed on his own.
C. Were it not for his terminal illness, John would be able to get out of bed on his own.
D. Such was John’s illness that he could never get out of the bed on his own.

## Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 49. She is always diplomatic when she deals with angry students.
A. strict
B. outspoken
C. firm
D. tactful

Question 50. Ray Kurzweil suggests that exponential technological development will lead to the inevitable rise of artificial intelligence.
A. inapplicable
B. unavoidable
C. unrecognizable
D. invisible